Az érdekes problémák érdekes tanulságokhoz vezetnek.
Kiindulás: írtam egy modellt, amiben használok UNIX időbélyegeket az időpontok megjelölésére. Ebben nincs semmi ördöngősség, egy szám, ami az 1970 január 1. óta eltelt másodpercek segítségével jelzi az időt. A helyzet azonban az, hogy ezek nagy számok, annyira nagyok, hogy egy átlagos számítógép nem nagyon tud vele mit kezdeni, nem fér el a szokásos 32 biten, mert azon csak 2^32-1 számot tudnak megmutatni. Erre készítettek egy csomagot, ami úgy ábrázolja a 64 bites számokat, hogy az első 32-t és a második 32-t külön veszi, és egy listaként tartja számon. Bravúros megoldás, és rettentően jól működött, míg csak tárolni kellett. A használata már nehezebb volt.
Amikor egyenletes mintát szerettem volna venni a rendelkezésre álló időintervallumból, elsőre azt kértem, válasszon ki véletlenül n darab számot 1és N közül, ahol N>2^31-1. Erre hibát adott, de én furfangos vagyok, és kértem n darab véletlen számot 0 és 1 közül, majd beszoroztam N-nel – de ezek eredménye mind 0, mert véletlenszám 64 bitesre konvertálása során a törtszámok egészig csonkolódnak. Ennek oka, hogy a csomag először a másik, nem 64bites számot is átkonvertálja ugyan olyanra, mint az eredeti – ami viszont egészekre van kitalálva, tehát az átkonvertált számnak is egésznek kell majd lennie. Erre van ám egyszerű megoldás, vegyünk 1 és 2^31-1 közt egyenletesen mintát. Ekkor a lehetséges számok intervallumának felét fedtük le. Ha ezt felszoroznánk kettővel, akkor vennénk a teljes intervallumról… de nem, mert az csak 2^32-1ig menne. De az ötlet nem rossz, vegyünk nagy egész számokat, amíg a szükséges minta nem nagyobb a meglévő számoknál, és osszuk el azokat a számokat egyenletesen 1 és N közt!
-No, hát melyik legyen ez a szám?
-2^31-1!
-Nem jó! Az R nem tud ilyen hosszú vektort lefoglalni. Pech, jöhet az alternatíva-keresés az időbélyegek helyett…
No, sebaj, az R 3.0.0 már ismeri a 2^31-1 elemnél hosszabb vektorokat, de csak 64 bites rendszeren. Hmmmm… öcsém alszik, és a vasa megfelel a kritériumnak. Essünk neki.
Nem, nem működött (természetesen). A számokkal sem boldogult el, ráadásul a használt csomagok (az hagyján hogy int64, de a plyr és a doParallel) még híján vannak a friss verzióhoz tartozó változatnak, így azzal kváti semmit nem tudtam kezdeni laikusként. Pedig de szép is lett volna!
A megoldás
A bit64 csomag, és annak a megoldásai. Zseniálisan egyszerű lett tőle a dolgom 🙂
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